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Mars Encounter
Space & Astronomy Multimedia Exhibits
Planetary Landscapes
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Planetary Landscapes: Sculpting the Solar System

The Exhibit Works

Aeolian Landscape
Viewers alter the force of blowing air inside a chamber of soft sand to create a terrain suggestive of the sand dunes or the blowing ice formations on Mars, mimicking an ever-changing landscape of windswept hills, dunes, and avalanches.

Braided Stream
Viewers control the flow of air bubbling up through fine powder contained between two glass plates, causing stream channels to form along the paths of least resistance. These drainage networks create elaborate patterns in the powder, just as water has carved channels on Mars and Earth, or as volcanic activity formed lava tubes on the Moon.

Caldera
Like boiling magma chambers inside the volcanoes that have reshaped the surfaces of the planets, thrusting jets of air bubble up through fine sand encased between two sheets of glass. Calderas form and collapse as viewers alter the force of the air flowing through the sand. With a high flow of air the entire mass of sand resembles a water-like fluid even though no liquid is present.

Jovian Landscape
Viewers spin a shallow disk of fluid forming intricate patterns of turbulence. The fluid collides with itself, forming an elaborate swirling squall that evokes atmospheric storms such as Jupiter’s Great Red spot or cyclones on Earth.

Icy Bodies
Shards of dry ice skim across the surface of a basin of tepid water. Striking the water the ice instantly vaporizes from its solid state into a gas. As the dry ice vaporizes tiny gas jets spin and tumble the ice shards across the surface of the water. Visitors engage in a visual feast of spinning, colliding, streaming wisps of vapor. When they propel themselves across the basin the shards and their wispy trails are similar in appearance to the tails of comets.

Dust Devil
A vortex encased in a cylinder sweeps up fine particles of sand to form a swirling dust devil. Viewers activate the vortex and watch it shift and move. As particles drift in and out of the vortex the image suggests the dust devils of the Martian atmosphere. The sculpture offers an opportunity to observe the correlation between size and time in the life of a vortex: a dust devil may last ten minutes, a tornado an hour, and a hurricane a week, while Jupiter’s great Red Spot has been swirling for over 300 years.

Rift Zone
Air bubbling up through sand creates a small-scale geothermal landscape. The sand forms patterns analogous to the three kinds of rift zones that occur on various planets and moons: solitary volcanoes, fracture zones, and ring-shaped fissures. By changing the air pressure viewers can alter the rift zone patterns.

Sea of Clouds
Viewers run their hands through undulating fog contained in a large shallow cauldron. The fog comes alive with waves and complex convection patterns as viewers alter its currents. The work suggests the movement of fog into geological depressions, and the ways in which water vapor responds to changes in the surface temperature of the land, evoking the cloud tops of Jupiter and Venus, and the fog that forms in the valleys of Mars and Earth.

Static Landscape
Recalling the static forces that helped form the Solar System in its earliest stages, thousands of tiny steel balls cascade across the surface of a large shallow disk, generating electrical charges. Static forces organize the balls into dazzling waves and other intricate patterns that resemble the lightning in Jupiter’s atmosphere, or the solar winds that charge the soil of the Moon and other bodies not protected by a magnetic field. Viewers cause the patterns to form and change by tilting the disk and running their hands over its surface.

Tectonic Basin
Viewers submerge their hands in a large basin of vibrating garnet sand that forms rhythmic waves on its surface. The patterns that emerge suggest the ceaseless, large-scale tectonic movement that is gradually reshaping the Earth’s continents and Jupiter’s moon Ganymede.

Turbulent Orb
A large, spherical vessel filled with a deep blue fluid vividly reveals the movements of the currents inside. As viewers rotate the vessel, the fluid displays intricate flow patterns suggesting the immense sweep of the atmospheres of the gas giant planets such as Jupiter. Swirls of fluid that move like hurricanes appear and disappear. When left undisturbed the fluid continues to flow for hours.

10000 Skyline Blvd.
Oakland, CA 94619
phone (510) 336-7300
fax (510) 336-7491
www.chabotspace.org

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